1. In the United States, approximately how many
persons have diabetic retinopathy, and for how many does it threaten vision?
- 10 million with retinopathy, vision-threatening
for 1 million
- 5 million with retinopathy, vision-threatening
for 1 million
- 3 million with retinopathy, vision-threatening
for 0.5 million
- 1 million with retinopathy, vision-threatening
for 0.5 million
2. Which of the following is NOT an independent risk
factor for diabetic retinopathy:
- LDL cholesterol and triglyceride
- A1c level and diabetes duration
- non-Hispanic White ethnicity and hematuria
- high diastolic blood pressure
3. Diabetic retinopathy is a result of
microvascular abnormalities in the retina and:
- impaired astrocyte regulation
- alteration in the function and structure of the
retinal glia
- disintegration of retinal neurons early in the
course of disease
- All of the above
- 'a' and 'b' only
4. With mild diabetic retinopathy,
neurodegeneration of the diabetic retina is evidenced by all of the
following EXCEPT:
- Microaneurisms
- Macular edema
- Reduced color vision and impaired contrast
sensitivity
- Impaired dark adaptation and visual field defects
5. True or False. Levels of
endothelial progenitor cell increase progressively with worsening
retinopathy in diabetics with macrovascular complications; and decrease in
diabetics with proliferative retinopathy.
- True
- False
6: Which of the following is NOT characteristic of
inflammation in diabetic retinopathy?
- Capillary occlusion is an early clinical feature
and is potentially reversible.
- Leukocytes show increased deformability and
minimally adhesive properties.
- Leukocyte glycoproteins are modified resulting in
increased adhesion.
- Leukocytes within microaneurisms increase the
likelihood of abnormalities.
7. Pharmacologic treatments which may improve
diabetic retinopathy include:
- Antagonists to vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF)
- Glucocorticoids
- Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors
- All of the above
- 'a' and 'b' only
8. Which of the following was reported by the FDA
in their drug safety newsletter?
- Pancreatitis was a side effect of Exenatide.
- Sudden hearing loss may result from use of
phophodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.
- Duloxetine is associated with hyponatremia, GI
bleeding, and urinary retention.
- All of the above.
- ‘a’ and ‘c’ only.
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