1. Assessment for arterial insufficiency and osteomyelitis
2. Debridement beyond the area of wound and callus to the area of healthy tissue
3. Use of moist dressings and elimination of weight-bearing
4. Consideration of antibiotic therapy and growth factor therapy
5. All of the above
6. "b" and "d" only

2. True or False: Emotional/psychological stress may be an important factor impairing wound healing.

1. True
2. False

3. The mechanism of benefit of the total contact cast and similar non-removable dressings is:

1. To prevent the patient from removing the cast, allowing complete elimination of foot damage from weight bearing
2. The correct application of compression to reduce effects of venous stasis
3. Creation of a moist environment to allow proper wound healing

4. Inflammation with the production of proteolytic enzymes is:

1. Not seen in the normal progression of wound healing
2. Abnormally prolonged in the diabetic foot wound, preventing migration and proliferation of cellular elements involved in wound healing
3. Reduced in the diabetic foot wound, resulting in poor wound healing

5. In the United States, the risk of lower extremity ulcers in diabetics is:

1. 4–10%, with a lifetime risk as high as 25%
2. 10-15%, with a lifetime risk as high as 50%
3. 15-20%, with a lifetime risk as high as 53%
4. 1-2% , with a lifetime risk as high as 10%

6: Typically diabetic foot ulcers heal over a 6-month period in approximately:

1. 75-90% of patients
2. 60-70% of patients
3. 30-45% of patients
4. 10-20% of patients

7. True or False: As has been reported for diabetic retinopathy, in the diabetic foot wound there appears to be an excess of growth factors such as VEGF contributing to reduced healing.

1. True
2. False

8. True or False: A form of “spray-on” autologous bone marrow has promise for treatment of diabetic foot wounds

1. True
2. False

9. True or False: Given the relatively high cost and low frequency of diabetic foot ulcers, it is likely that greater cost-savings for persons with diabetes can be achieved by focus on more common conditions such as hypertension and dyslipidemia.

1. True
2. False