1. True
2. False

 

2.  Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the metabolically obese normal weight patient:

1. Body weight no more than 10% above the upper limit of normal.
2. Hyperinsulinemia
3. Typically these patients have hypercholesterolemia
4. Features of the insulin resistant state, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia

3.  Decreased aerobic capacity, with consequent lack of physical activity, may occur in:

1. Offspring of two diabetic parents
2. Persons with abnormalities of mitochondrial function impairing fat oxidation
3. Men with acquired hypogonadism
4. All of the above
5. (a) and (c)

 

4. “Fat but fit” is

1. A contradiction in terms: obese persons are never physically fit.
2. A marketing message devised to entice obese persons to participate in unhelpful physical activity.
3. A phrase recognizing the normal level of health risk in many obese persons participating in regular physical exercise.
4. All of the above.

5.  TRUE or FALSE:  Insulin promotes fat storage, and, when infused by the intracerebroventricular route in animal models, leads to increased food intake.

1. True
2. False

6.  Important causes of inflammation include which of the following:

i. Obesity, via cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α produced by adipocytes.
ii. Excess loads of protein or energy activating an adversity state of the cellular endoplasmic reticulum.
iii. A toxic response to nutrient ingestion, the expression of which is normally suppressed by a set of cellular insulin sensitizers.

1. Only (i)
2. (i) and (ii)
3. (i) and (iii)
4. (ii) and (iii)
5. All of the above

7. Genetic aspects of obesity are suggested by:

1. Family studies in which twins with obesity show similar responses to caloric restriction and to physical activity.
2. Evidence of familial determinants of the HDL-lowering effect of high carbohydrate diet.
3. Genetic polymorphisms, such as one in the β2 adrenergic receptor, which are associated with both hypertension and with obesity, but only in persons with low levels of physical activity.
4. All of the above.
5. (a) and (c) only

8. The gene for a transcription factor gene, TCF7L2:

1. is involved in normal gastrointestinal tract endocrine function.
2. shows a variant in human populations associated with reduced insulin sensitivity.
3. shows a variant which may explain why some persons develop type 2 diabetes.
4. (a) and ( b) only
5. (a) and ( c) only
6. (b) and ( c) only